What is quadrangular space syndrome?

What is quadrangular space syndrome?

Quadrilateral space syndrome (QSS) is a rare disorder characterized by axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery (PHCA) compression within the quadrilateral space. Impingement is most frequently due to trauma, fibrous bands, or hypertrophy of one of the muscular borders.

What is the quadrilateral space?

The quadrangular space (also known as the quadrilateral space) is an anatomic interval formed by the shaft of the humerus laterally, the long head of the triceps medially, the teres minor muscle superiorly, and the teres major muscle inferiorly.

Where is the quadrilateral space?

The quadrangular space (or quadrilateral space) is one of three spaces located in the posterior compartment of the arm, along with the lateral triangular space and medial triangular space.

What causes quadrilateral space syndrome?

Quadrilateral space syndrome (QSS) arises from compression or mechanical injury to the axillary nerve or the posterior circumflex humeral artery (PCHA) as they pass through the quadrilateral space (QS).

Which nerve is affected in Quadrangular space syndrome?

Quadrangular space syndrome (QSS) or Quadrilateral space syndrome is a compressive neuropathy of the axillary nerve (AN) and/or the posterior circumflex humeral artery (PCHA) in the shoulder. The most frequent cause is a fibrous band(s) in the quadrilateral wpace (QS) and/or surrounding muscle hypertrophy.

Where is the triangular space located?

axillary
Anatomical terminology The triangular space (also known as the medial triangular space, upper triangular space, medial axillary space or foramen omotricipitale) is one of the three spaces found at the axillary space. The other two spaces are the quadrangular space and the triangular interval.

What runs in the quadrangular space?

Three muscles directly comprise the quadrangular space; the teres minor, teres major, and long head of the triceps brachii. The teres minor originates on the lateral border of the scapula, inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus, and functions with glenohumeral joint external rotation.

Why is quadrangular space important?

The quadrangular space is a clinically important anatomic space in the arm as it provides the anterior regions of the axilla a passageway to the posterior regions. Symptoms include axillary nerve related weakness of the deltoid muscle in the case of any significant mass lesions in the quadrangular space.

Which nerve is affected in quadrangular space syndrome?

What is the clinical importance of the quadrangular space?

Clinical significance The quadrangular space is a clinically important anatomic space in the arm as it provides the anterior regions of the axilla a passageway to the posterior regions.

What makes up triangular space?

It has the following boundaries: Inferior: the superior border of the teres major; Lateral: the long head of the triceps; Superior: Teres minor or Subscapularis.

Where is the quadrilateral space located in the body?

The quadrilateral space is located posterior and inferior to the glenohumeral joint and contains the axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery. The space is bounded superiorly by the teres minor muscle, inferiorly by the teres major muscle, medially by the long head of the triceps, and laterally by the humeral shaft.

Is the triangular space medial to the quadrangular space?

The triangular space is an anatomic interval medial to the quadrangular space. Its borders are formed by the long head of the triceps laterally, the teres minor superiorly, and the teres major inferiorly.

Where is the quadrilateral space between the teres minor and subscapularis?

The quadrilateral (quadrangular) space lies between the teres minor and the subscapularis above and the teres major below. The long head of triceps forms its medial wall and the surgical neck of the humerus lies laterally (Fig.

Is there a tumor in the quadrilateral space?

Tumor involving this anatomical region also should be considered in the differential diagnosis of quadrilateral space syndrome, as should occult fractures of the proximal humerus and other mass lesions, such as cysts and lipomas, that may compress the axillary nerve as it traverses the quadrilateral space.